Ethics is based on moral principles that should be the foundation for every healthcare decision, however, ethical concepts can often be challenging to define in specific clinical scenarios. There are several instances where a practising clinician often finds it difficult to make a proper decision despite maintaining integrity and professionalism. The objective of the present study was to explore the ethical dilemma faced by orthodontists practicing in Saudi Arabia concerning orthodontic treatment. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study that was adapted (...) from the scenarios of ethical dilemmas presented by Jerrold in 1998. Ten orthodontists from each province of Saudi Arabia were requested to participate in this study and the questionnaire were sent through email and their responses were analysed. A total of 37 responses were obtained (out of 130) with a response rate of 28.46%. Among them 23 were female and 14 were male. Most participants belonged to the age group 30–39 years and most of them have clinical experience of more than 5 years. There was a wide variation in the responses among the participants in all the scenarios presented. The median likelihood of getting similar scenarios in their clinical practice in Saudi Arabia ranged from 3 to 3.5. There was a wide variation in the opinion among the practising orthodontists in Saudi Arabia in the scenarios presented. The presented scenarios are less likely to be perceived in the local context and some new situations of ethical dilemmas are identified. (shrink)

The purpose of the current paper is to introduce the theoretical arguments of optimal distinctiveness literature in studying the relationship between CEO narcissism and corporate social responsibility. We focus on CSR scope conformity and CSR emphasis differentiation and introduce CEO narcissism as an important determinant of the extent to which the firm responds to these two types of strategic pressures. Our analysis is based on a sample of 509 firm-year observations over the 2006–2013 period. Fixed effects regression technique is used (...) to test our hypotheses. Our findings provide evidence that CEO narcissism is negatively related to CSR conformity and positively related to CSR differentiation strategies. We also find evidence that firm prior performance will moderate the relationship between CEO narcissism and CSR conformity but not CSR differentiation. (shrink)

Inconsistent corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices across stakeholder groups may induce undesired consequences for the firm. This study investigates the longitudinal and differential effect of chief executive officer (CEO) tenure on external and internal CSR and the moderating effects of two important contingencies relevant to the firm's social investments: firm visibility and slack availability. It presents CEO tenure as an important upper echelon factor that may induce differential preferences toward external and internal CSR and, therefore, CSR inconsistencies. Accordingly, it proposes (...) two important and relevant contingencies and provides additional evidence on how a firm's visibility and slack availability could affect CEO tenure-related differential behaviors. The findings contribute to studies on the temporal orientations of CEOs and how they impact firm strategic behavior. They also contribute to the literature on firm visibility and slack and how they may interact with certain upper echelon characteristics and affect firm behaviors. The analysis cautions against the perceptions of the relationships between firm- and CEO-level variables and a firm's aggregate CSR. (shrink)

This book compiles current research relating to business ethics within developing markets around the world, featuring research on topics essential to remaining competitive in the modern global marketplace, such as corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, consumer behavior understanding, and ethical leadership.

As a futuristic emblem, smart cities represent a goal to provide all of the services required for a high-quality existence while conserving natural resources to the maximum extent possible. It turns out that the "Line City in Saudi Arabia" is the most famous and modern of these smart cities in terms of preserving 100 percent natural life, owing to the fact that they rely totally on natural energy and do not use any automobiles. The issues and challenges that have been (...) highlighted will assist in the improvement of municipal management. One of the most generally implemented projects in the field of smart cities is the technological and integrative developments of the use of sensors and data collecting in conjunction with rising difficulties aimed at enhancing human well-being and improving human livelihood. This is especially true in Saudi Arabia, where visitors can arrive quickly by just walking through the checkpoints, resulting in a journey of little more than a few minutes to reach any regular destination. It also splits the city into many different levels of the ground, enabling for the conservation of natural excess energy. (shrink)

Secularism; Arab countries; Islam and state.

This work is about the deceptive nature of psychotherapy. In particular, it is about those therapies that claim to provide the client with insight and self-knowledge when in practice they are a means of social control absorbing clients into socially acceptable norms. Through a philosophical analysis of key concepts such as knowledge, insight, and subjectivity, and through an examination of mechanisms intrinsic to psychotherapeutic practice, such as power, interpretation, and suggestion, this monograph unveils how psychotherapy deludes clients into believing they (...) have discovered their true self. Rather than gaining self-knowledge and insight into their true or core self, clients are subtly reconstructed and reconfigured along prevailing social values. Furthermore, the very epistemological and metaphysical world-view clients are deceived into believing is highly suspect and founded upon a fascistic understanding of knowledge. As an alternative to such domination, psychotherapy needs to reconstruct itself along Nietzschean-Deleuzian lines where the focus is on multiple identities, difference, and creativity. Rather than focusing on an analysis of past memories to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety or depression, therapeutic intervention should aim for a non-repressive conception of self-knowledge and insight based upon a creative future and not a regretful past. This entails a different understanding of knowledge and reality that is not based on subjugating the world to what we know about it, but on immersing ourselves within reality in all of its concrete richness. And such an approach is preferable not because it is “true” but because it is more liberating. (shrink)

Islamic ethics; Islam and state; religious aspects; Algeria.

al-majmūʻah 1. Kayfa naʻmal lil-Islām -- Muqawwimāt shakhṣīyat al-Muslim -- al-Tawāzun wa-al-iʻtidāl fī ḥayāt al-Muslim.

يغتر بنو آدم بما يسوقه الله إليهم من حلمٍ وعفو عن سوء صنيعهم وجُرم ما اقترفت أيديهم...يغترون بحلم الله...يغرهم جهلهم..ويدفعهم طيشهم إلى إعلان الحرب على الوجود كله حتى على الله ذاته، وجهوا إلى إرادته سبحانه سهام حرابهم، وسوء مكرهم..ولعنات خداعهم..قتلوا الإنسان صنع الله...حاربوا الله باسم الله...أضاعوا الدين..كل الدين باسم الدين...قتلوا العدل فى محرابه عاكفًا يصلى لربه باسم العدالة..هتكوا عرض الإنسانية ثم جلسوا يمصون دمائها بأيديهم الآثمة..ويكأنهم لم يقدموا لها سوءًا..ويكأنهم بقتلها أحسنوا إليها صنيعًا.. يالسوء ماقدمت الإنسانية لبنى الإنسان، يالسوء ما (...) خلفوا ربهم بعد ميثاقه الأول والأشهر، فكانوا النموذج الأسوأ للخلافة، والصورة المضادة تمامًا لطبيعة المستخلف وجوهر إرادته، فما تركوا حرابًا ولا ظلمًا ولا إثمًا إلا اقترفوه، وما تركوا جراحًا ملتاثة بلعينهم إلا وأوسعوها جرحًا وأوغروها نزقًا وأعمقوها حزنًا فكانت تلك هى مكتسباتهم ، فى حين كانت إرادة السماء رحمات الأرض وأمنها وسلامها...ولكنهم..ويالذل ما قدموا للإنسانية، أجهزوا عليها صريعة، فطالت سهام قتلهم وحرابهم السماء ذاتها، تلك التى امتدت إليهم بحنوها وعطفها، فلم تسلم من ثورتهم وقتلهم وظلماتهم، فكانوا بحق هم الثائرون ضد الله... (shrink)